Objectives:
- Understanding to the business transaction
- Understanding to the accounting equation
- Analyzing to the effect of business transaction to the accounting equation
- A business transaction is an economic event that has some effect on the resources of a firm or on the sources of a firm’s assets
- These business transactions will effect to the financial condition of the company and they must be recorded by a company
Classification of the business transaction
@. A business transaction can be classified into 2 (two) groups:
a.External transaction
b.Internal transaction
@. External transaction is concerned with an external party of the company
@. Internal transaction is an economic event that occurred in this company
For example
- External transaction: purchase raw materials, payment of salaries expenses, payment building rent expenses, etc
- Internal transaction: using of supplies, allocating cost of using fixed assets, to recognize an expense not previously recorded (like salaries payable), etc
All of these transactions will effect to three components of accounting equation, that are assets, liabilities, and equities
- A transaction business will give an effect to at least two components of the accounting equation
- For example: An increase of assets will effect to:
- Decrease of other asset, or
- Increase of the liability, or
- Increase of the equity
- Accounting equation describes the relationship among assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity or capital
- It is the relationship on which all accounting is based It can be shown as an equation
Assets = Liabilities + Owners’ Equity (Capital)
Assets is the resources of a firm
- They are acquired by a firm to aid in accomplishing its goals
- They give an economic benefits in the future time
- Liabilities are an interest of the creditors in the assets
- Liabilities comes from purchasing assets, borrowing money, etc
- Owners’ equities are an interest of the owners in the assets of a firm
- Owners’ equities = Assets – Liabilities
- We can conclude that total assets of a firm will be creditors’ claim and owners’ claim
- Owners’ claim is the rest of creditors’ claim
Transaction 1
Acquiring assets from the owner
Mr. Airlangga invests his money to the firm Rp. 300.000.000,-
(in Rp. 000,-)
| Assets | = | Liabilities | + | Owner’s Equity |
| Cash | = | | + | Airlangga’s Capital |
| 300.000 | | -0- | + | 300.000 |
Transaction 2
Acquiring assets from creditors
Mr. Airlangga applies for a loan at Bank BCA
because he doesn’t think that Rp. 300.000.000 will be enough to carry on his business (in Rp. 000,-)
| Assets Cash | = | Liabilities Notes Payable | + | Owners’ Equity Airlangga’s Capital |
| 300.000 | = | -0- | + | 300.000 |
| 150.000 | = | 150.000 | + | -0- |
