ISLAMIC ECONOMICS
Preliminary
Economics (economics) has grown by leaps and bounds since Adam Smith wrote his most famous, "Wealth of Nations". Correspondingly, also developed the world economy (read the western world). Adam Smith's economic theorizing on the motto of the school before, the school phisiokrat, laises fair laises Passer "In the course of the western world's economy, there are things that do not satisfy the human conscience. This case is often referred to as market failure (market failure). Market failure is mainly related premises uneven income distribution.
This issue of the failure of a new economic concept in the form of Karl Marx's economic concepts. Once the irritation of the system of capitalism, "the father of socialism" is calling the economic theory that was pioneered by Adam Smith with classical economics. The name was attached to the present. It is a fact that freedom in the world of business will encourage economic growth despite having side effects. Revisions to the recurrent economic theory. It seems that now there was no economic system is so extreme or liberal system holds the command system. That is so, in accordance with the laws of nature, every thesa, must appear thesa new. One that emerges from an established system of today is the Islamic economic system.
Islamic Aqeedah and Islamic value systems
Islam is a religion that involves various aspects. In concept, it is usually separated into aspects of Aqeedah, and Islamic morals. Sometimes it also simplified the faith and sharia. If we understand the doctrine, the doctrine has to have every embodiment, aspects of the juridical-formal (statutory) and the aspirations that arise in the practice of everyday life. That we usually experience in Indonesia, for example, the doctrine of Pancasila. Any legislation in this country endeavored to conform with the state ideology. Being in daily life some time ago attempted to be institutionalized, cultivated in the form of P4. Apart from the failure of socialization P4, the implementation of Pancasila in everyday life will be created by Pancasila itself when it became the nation's outlook on life.
In Islam, Islamic teachings embody in the juridical aspect, is the behavior of individuals in everyday life is the realization of religious teachings. The rules in Islam covers a wide range of complex activities. Among them are the rules regarding the relationship between humans, especially in the economic field. How the rules regarding these relationships, usually discussed in fiqh Muamalat. Here governed how the lending and borrowing money, how to perform the contract and so on. In terms of morality, there are teachings about how the followers of these religions respond to the life of this world, especially economic life. There is the doctrine of the ascetic, the work ethic, social solidarity and so on. A lot of the words of Allah and the Prophet who speaks about these aspects, let alone 'commentators commentators-its "
Islamic Economics Now emerging assessment and development of Islamic economics. It's hard to say, whether the development of economics is based on a sense of encouragement phobiya system against a system of capitalism and communism / socialism, or by considerations of reason. If on the basis of reason, why not since the first Islamic economics was featured. It seems difficult to argue that both play a role in this process. On the one hand, Muslims feel oppressed culture and economy, but could do nothing. After all, is a fact that both systems are already well established in the practice of displaying a lot of weaknesses.
Chance of even this weakness of the theoretical side there. For example, in a liberal economy there is a so-called market failures related to the monopoly case, use of goods (facilities) generally, income distribution, etc. It is as if it had been extinguished the remaining forces in Muslim circles. Bagir Sadr in the introduction to his famous book, "Iqtishoduna", was citing a Koranic verse in the form of commands to prepare the force with all means, as best-inability to face the opponents of Islam. On the other hand, in Islam there are the constraints and guidelines in economic activity, such as the prohibition of riba and zakat implementation guidelines. Even believed anyway (according to the word of the apostle), the superiority of Islam (ya'lu wala yu'la 'alaih). Excellence is not just a matter of the afterlife, but also about worldly matters, particularly the economic field. After that, came 15H obsession century as the century the rise of Islam. Never mind the full momentum for displaying Islamic economics.
In the social sciences and usually contained positive aspects and normative aspects. The social sciences are basically born from the observation of human behavior. So the empirical nature. But in another condition, humans have "ideals" to be achieved. What is the profile of the desired structure of society, how they interact with each other, have no concept. For example in the fields of politics, no democracy, no freedom. In economics, there is perfect competition. This is an idol who dreamed that freedom. Freedom wing economists (classical) assume full confidence that if all resources are given the freedom to move, then all resources will work in an efficient, equitable income distribution, unemployment will not even happen. The analysis was sufficient to "convince"
When Karl Marx show "Marxism", its background is the linkage between economic and political democracy that led to the oppression by the capitalists against the workers, the proletariat. The course of history, according to Marx's belief, is of primitive socialism led to the formation of a scientific socialist society, after the feudal and capitalist society. If Karl Marx advocated the existence of these movements, then it just accelerated the process, because the process is believed to have become a historical necessity If simplified, Marx actually just trying to cope with some form of market failure that the distribution of income. Since Marx assumed that this problem can not be solved by parts, then Marx advocated a complete overhaul, changing political systems and production systems. If the sciences are further simplified, the same goal, human welfare. Just how the portrait (perception) of human welfare that are different from one another.
Islam is a religion revealed to mankind, because it is for humans, not angels or demons. Inside is a belief, there are hints, no rules, that each other can not be separated. Overall happiness is to mankind. Since Islam is a belief, then what is contained in the primary sources of Islamic teachings, if followed, will give a good run to the welfare of mankind, the world and the hereafter. His people and then trying to translate it logically, so that teaching is really a heartfelt conviction, that by applying the teachings of Islam, the community will prosper.
Clearly here the difference between the approach of Islamic economics to the economics that have been there. One is deductive, the other inductive. In grounding the Islamic economic life, are clearly needed "judgments". People must be convinced that the Islamic economic system is a reliable alternative. This is where rational explanation is needed, because basically the life in this world is a rational life. So do the activities that are un-Islamic not merely because it follows the rules, but was aware that that's the best. Classical economics can explain the economic system in solving the economic problems in a rational way according to certain assumptions or postulates
